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2007. International Strategies for Disability-related Work in Developing Countries: historical, modern and critical reflections. 
miles200701.pdf (111.63 KB)
Revised version of a paper first published in the Zeitschrift Behinderung und Dritte Welt, 3/2003, pp. 96-106, and here reproduced with permission.
International strategies concerned with disability in developing and transitional countries (DTC) are scrutinised critically, with an historical focus on beneficial traditions and practices in Asia and Africa, attesting the variety and complexity of social responses to disability. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles200701.html and www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles200701.pdf (112 KB).
miles200701.pdf (111.63 KB).
2007. Imran's Djinn, and Theories of Epilepsy.
This article and the review comment were first published in “EPICADEC News” (from the Foundation Epilepsy Care Developing Countries, Leiden), October 2000, pp. 9-10, titled “Imran’s Djinn”. They are here reproduced with permission, after slight revision.
The article concerns an Asian boy living in UK. His family had trouble using the health services, because of different concepts of Imran’s illness. One of Imran’s teachers met the family half way, respecting their beliefs and giving them time to digest a different approach to epilepsy and its treatment. A scientific reviewer comments on the story. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles-christine2000.html
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2008. HITTITE DEAF MEN IN THE 13th CENTURY BC: introductory notes with annotated bibliography. miles200809.pdf (107.78 KB) HITTITE_DEAF_MEN_IN_THE_13th_CENTURY_BC_traduction_francaise_4.pdf (637.26 KB)
The article introduces bibliographical evidence on deaf men working in palaces and temples of the Hittite Kingdom in Anatolia (now Turkey) during the 13th century BC, with further notes on signing and deaf people's activities in the ancient and medieval Middle East. With some additions and revision September 2009. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles200809.html and www.independentliving.org/files/miles200809.pdf.
miles200809.pdf (107.78 KB) HITTITE_DEAF_MEN_IN_THE_13th_CENTURY_BC_traduction_francaise_4.pdf (637.26 KB).
2007. Disability and Deafness, in the context of Religion, Spirituality, Belief and Morality, in Middle Eastern, South Asian and East Asian Histories and Cultures: annotated bibliography.
The bibliography introduces and annotates materials pertinent to disability, mental disorders and deafness, in the context of religious belief and practice in the Middle East, South Asia and East Asia. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles200707.html and www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles200707.pdf
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2011. Blind and Sighted Pioneer Teachers in 19th Century China and India (revised edition). miles201104Pioneer-Teach-Blind_v2.pdf (436.77 KB)
This article introduces blind and sighted men and women who developed education and employment for blind people in China and in India from the 1830s onward, and whose pioneering efforts have disappeared from later accounts of blind people's history. This revised and much extended online version is published in April 2011: www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles201104.html and www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles201104.pdf
miles201104Pioneer-Teach-Blind_v2.pdf (436.77 KB).
1988. The Blind Afghan Child.
A young Afghan who was born blind in a remote village tells of his childhood and how he gained the skills to take part in community life and later to earn his living in a town. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/milesm1988a.html
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2001. Models of Rehabilitation and Evidence of Their Effectiveness: Production & Movements of Disability Knowledge, Skill & Design Within the Cultures and Concepts of Southern Africa.
Starting with a disabled person in Mozambique in the 1590s, and a projection of future disability services when knowledge and skills are widely disseminated and rehabilitation professionals are no longer needed, this paper looks more closely at the knowledge and skills available among disabled people and their families and communities in Southern Africa. These factors need to be pooled, refined and tested so that services become rooted in African cultures and respond more appropriately to people's self-perceived needs. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs2/milesm200104.html and www.independentliving.org/docs2/milesm200104.pdf
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2007. Review - Epileptic Graphic.
Review of “Epileptic” by “David B.”, a remarkably frank account, in graphics and cartoon strip, of childhood and adulthood with an older brother having epilepsy, and a family doing the tour of cures in France of the 1960s and 1970s. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles200704.html
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2007. Disability and Deafness in East Asia: Social and Educational Responses, from Antiquity to Recent Times. A bibliography of European-language materials with introduction and some annotation. Revised Version 4.0, August 2007.
The bibliography introduces and lists 900 articles, chapters and books connected with social and educational responses to disability, deafness and mental disorders in China, Korea and Japan, from antiquity to 2007, some with annotation. (This work revises and greatly extends an earlier bibliography on the former History of Education website at the Catholic University of Nijmegen). Internet publication URLs: independentliving.org/docs7/miles200708.html and independentliving.org/docs7/miles200708.pdf
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1994. What is Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR)?
This paper tells why CBR is needed, and why there are many different views about what CBR is and how it should be done. It was written for the International League of Societies for Persons with Mental Handicap (now "Inclusion International"). It uses language that is easy to read. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/milesm1994.html
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2008. Glimpses of Disability in the Literature and Cultures of East Asia, South Asia, the Middle East & Africa. A modern and historical bibliography, with some annotation.
This annotated bibliography lists a selection of 130 novels, short stories, biographies, autobiographies, materials from philosophy, anthropology and folklore, and literary criticism, in which disability, deafness or mental disorders play some significant part, from East Asia, South Asia, the Middle East and Africa, available mostly in English or French. Internet publication URLs: independentliving.org/docs7/miles200807.html and independentliving.org/docs7/miles200807.pdf
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1999. Rights and Disabilities in Educational Provisions in Pakistan and Bangladesh: Roots, Rhetoric, Reality.
Educational opportunities for children with disabilities in Pakistan and Bangladesh are seen in the context of the countries' religious, cultural and economic development. The relevance of Western concepts such as "human rights", "inclusion" and "empowerment" is critically examined. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/mmiles3.html
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2002. Community and Individual Responses to Disablement in South Asian Histories: Old Traditions, New Myths?
Documented histories of South Asian societies provide evidence that disabled people played various roles in their families and communities, sometimes with a good deal of independence. The commonest responses have been top-down, charitable or restrictive; yet some evidence challenges the stereotypes and suggests that disablement historically evoked a wider range of responses and initiative. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/miles2002a.html
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2007. Parents of Deaf Afghan Children -- On The Air.
In these short scripts from a radio series, Afghan parents and a counsellor discuss issues of raising their deaf child in a rural area of Afghanistan, and several ways in which they can assist her in learning to communicate. An explanatory note follows, on the origin and purpose of the radio series. [Earlier versions of these scripts were circulated in 1984, 1986 and 1988, from the Mental Health Centre Peshawar, Pakistan.] Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles200705.html
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2003. Segregated We Stand? The Mutilated Greeks' Debate at Persepolis, 330 BC
Probably the world's earliest recorded policy debate among a large group ofdisabled people. Also the first time a ruler changed his mind in response towhat they actually asked for. First published in Disability & Society 18 (7):865-79. Reproduced with permission of Carfax Publishing, Taylor & Francis,and with some revision. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles2003.html
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1987. Vocational Rehabilitation: Barefoot Realities in North West Pakistan.
A project was developed at Peshawar, Pakistan, for learning the components and processes of making cheap, basic items of everyday life and offering these to disabled young people as small-scale crafts to practise at home and to sell locally. The crafts are economically marginal, with earnings insufficient for self-support, yet they can make a financial contribution to the family budget. This changes the disabled person's role and can lift self-esteem and initiate improved attitudes, while remaining within local capacities and ecology. An earlier version of this paper appeared in the African Rehabilitation Journal (1987) Vol. 2 (10) 13-14. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/milesm1987a.html
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1997. Home Visiting with Mama Kitenge, Community Based Rehabilitation Fieldworker, Tanzania.
A morning in the poorer parts of Dar es Salaam is described, during which Mama Kitenge visits families with children having mental and other disabilities and works with these childen and their caregivers. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/milesm1997a.html
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2018. DISABILITY IN AFRICA: RELIGIOUS, ETHICAL & HEALING RESPONSES, to and by People with Disabilities, Deafness, or Mental Debility: a bibliography through four millennia, with introduction and partial annotation.. pdf format (2.52 MB)
epub format (808.68 KB) mobi format (1.04 MB)
pdf format (2.52 MB) epub format (808.68 KB) mobi format (1.04 MB).
2009. DEAF PEOPLE, SIGN LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION, IN OTTOMAN & MODERN TURKEY: Observations and Excerpts from 1300 to 2009. From sources in English, French, German, Greek, Italian, Latin and Turkish, with introduction and some annotation. miles200907.pdf (494.75 KB)
Internet publication URL: https://www.independentliving.org/miles200907.html
miles200907.pdf (494.75 KB).
1991. Creating a political alliance for anti-discrimination legislation in Germany.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest18.html
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1991. Universal design and designer awareness: The constraints of architectural education.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest19.html
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1993. Gesetz zum Assistenzbudget.
("Assistansersättning" - "Compensation for Assistance.") Ursprünglicher Gesetzestext von 1993, der einen bestimmten Personenkreis zu Geldleistungen für persönliche Assistenz von der schwedischen Sozialversicherung berechtigt.Das Gesetz wurde seit seinem Inkrafttreten am 1.1. 1994 mehrmals abeändert, was Einschränkungen aber auch vereinzelte Verbesserungen für Assistenznehmer mit sich führte. (Für die Qualität der Ü bersetzung ist das schwedische Sozialministerium und nicht das Independent Living Institute verantwortlich.) Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/schweden199311.html (In German.)
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2000. Preliminary ideas and procedures for ensuring systematic international collection of information.
In: "Let the World Know - Report of a Seminar on Human Rights and Disability Held at Almåsa Conference Centre, Stockholm, Sweden, November 5-9, 2000." Pre-paper 7. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/mohit00.pdf. In Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs2/rioux00.pdf and www.independentliving.org/docs2/rioux00.doc
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1998. Legislation on Disability: The Costa Rican Experience.
Despite the country's relative good respect for human rights and our democratic system, disabled people still do not enjoy equal rights and participation in all aspects of society. Among the factors that prevent disabled people from full citizenship are negative attitudes against disability. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/hr12.html
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1998. Human Rights and Organisations of Disabled Persons in Costa Rica.
Despite positive changes in Costa Rica's social policies, disabled people still are denied certain rights to participate in all aspects of society. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/stlm19980823e.html
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1998. Independent Choices: Enhancing Consumer Direction for People with Disabilities.
Allowing consumers to manage and direct the long-term services they need acknowledges that they are the best judges of their own needs and the best decision-makers on how these needs get met - an acknowledgment seldom made. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/ar3983.html
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1999. IL-rörelsen breder ut sig i Asien.
Yukiko Nakanishi reports on Independent Living seminars, workshops and exchanges that are helping to spread the philosophy across Asia. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dpidi299sv.html (In Swedish.)
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1999. Independent Living movement spreads in Asia.
Yukiko Nakanishi reports on Independent Living seminars, workshops and exchanges that are helping to spread the philosophy across Asia. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dpidi299.html
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1998. Effects of the Economic Downturn in Japan.
The Japanese Government has been trying to promote decentralization for the last 6-7 years. Disabled persons are afraid that some services will be cut due to scarce local resources. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/JapanEcon.html
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2002. Development and Self-Help Movement of Women with Disabilities.
This article focuses on development assistance models and philosophies for women with disabilities who struggle to achieve independence in Asia, first from the viewpoint of a development program organizer and then from the viewpoint of a witness of empowered self-help movements. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/nakanishi.html
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1999. Ny rapport från NCD om förbättringar i tillämpningen av rättigheter för flygresenärer med funktionsnedsättgning.
The NCD has released a groundbreaking report documenting ineffective enforcement of the Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) since the law's passage in 1986. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/ncd1999sv.html
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1999. NCD Releases Report on Improving the Enforcement of Civil Rights of Air Travelers with Disabilities.
The NCD has released a groundbreaking report documenting ineffective enforcement of the Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) since the law's passage in 1986. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/ncd199.html
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1991. Anti-discrimination legislation as a basis for barrier-free design: How could the Americans with Disabilities Act be adapted for the U.K.?
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest20.html
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1992. Promotion of access legislation in Ghana.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibharare13.html
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1998. How to overcome double discrimination of disabled people in South Africa.
South African Human Rights Commissioner, Jerry Nkeli, outlines the country's history from the point of view of the Disability Rights Movement. Conference on Legislation for Human Rights Arranged by Handikappombudsmannen in cooperation with Independent Living Sverige, Stockholm, Sweden 24 August 1998. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/hr5.html
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1998. Human Rights Commissioner reflects on achievements obtained by people with disabilities.
In South Africa we have disabled people in leadership-roles and have achieved a lot but we have many problems to face in the field of human rights such as issues dealing with racial intolerance and a diversity of various issues that deal with colonialism. Seminar on Human Rights for Persons with Disabilities from a North and South Perspective, Seminar on Human Rights for Persons with Disabilities from a North and South Perspective, Stockholm, Sweden 23 August, 1998. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/stlm19980823f.html
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2003. Direct Payments Schemes for People with Disabilities - A Summary Guide, A new and innovative policy approach to providing services to disabled people in Ireland.
This information leaflet is based on the research project, "Direct Payments Schemes for People with Disabilities," carried out by the Bray Partnership in 2002 (see above). The aim of the leaflet is to provide information and create awareness about the concept of direct payments, as well as to commence a lobbying process for the introduction of a direct payments pilot programme. As such, the leaflet fulfills part of the recommendations of the research project relating to dissemination of information and increasing awareness. Bray Partnership, Ireland, Website: www.braypartnership.ie. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/bray200305-sum.pdf (155 KB). See also the main document, Internet publication URL:www.independentliving.org/docs6/bray200305.pdf (357 KB)
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2010. Stiftelsen Fonden till Rolf Bergfors minne. gil-stiftelsen-information-202103.pdf (103.8 KB) gil-stiftelsen-ansokningblankett-202103-w.pdf (145.5 KB)
gil-stiftelsen-information-202103.pdf (103.8 KB) gil-stiftelsen-ansokningblankett-202103-w.pdf (145.5 KB).
1991. Accessibility legislation in Byelorussia and the Byelorussian Society of the Disabled.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest21.html
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2000. Innovative Disabled Entrepreneur Award Scheme (IDEAS) - Calling All Entrepreneurs With Disabilities.
Promoting entrepreneurship of persons with disabilities through competition and awards: an example from South Africa. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/Innovative-Disabled-Entrepreneur-Award-Scheme.html
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2008. Personlig assistans - en billig och effektiv form av valfrihet, egenmakt och integritet - En jämförelse mellan kostnaderna för personlig assistans och kommunal hemtjänst.
Internet publication URL: http://www.independentliving.org/lsskostnad/ (In Swedish.)
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2003. Populärt byta färdtjänstbuss mot taxi.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/ikapp20030327.html (In Swedish).
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1992. A review of current accessibility legislation in Kenya.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibharare15.html
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2003. Publications by John O'brien and Connie Lyle O'brien.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/obrien20031011.html
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1997. Integrated National Disability Strategy- White Paper.
White Paper from the Office of the President, South Africa. Disabled people should not be seen as objects of pity but as capable individuals who are contributing immensely to the development of society. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/SANatlDisStrat.html
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1988. Self-reliance in interdependent communities: Independent living of disabled persons in the Asia-Pacific region.
Yukiko Oka analyses the results of an ESCAP questionnaire which covers institutionalization, community-based rehabilitation, and the rights of people with disabilities. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/oka.html
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1995. Tricycle Production Manual - Vehicle design for people with disabilites in developing countries.
The tricycle is designed primarily for disabled people in Asia, since the result is a joint effort between four Asian organizations. The Tricycle Production Manual has been developed for basically skilled and equipped workshops in developing countries. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/tricycle.html
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1999. Disabled people and the inclusive society: or the times they really are changing.
Mike Oliver looks at semantics and use of words in addressing disability issues, and refers to Bob Dylan's "The times they are a-changing" to make his point about exclusion and discrimination. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/oliver.html
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2003. Delseger för dem som nyttjar rullstolstaxi.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/dn20030923.html (In Swedish.)
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1991. Towards European guidelines for an accessible built environment: An analysis of the "European Manual" from the Nordic experience.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest22.html
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2023. The struggle for a PA law in Poland.
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1996. Comunita Progetto Sud and Cooperativa at Lamezia Terme - Report from the study visit of working group one, sector social integration, 28 March - 31 March 1996.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/osterwitz1996.html
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1994. The Concept of Independent Living - a New Perspective in Rehabilitation.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/Osterwitz.html
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1991. Creating accessibility in developing countries.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest23.html
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1991. Creating and maintaining access to housing: Implementing access at the local level.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest24.html
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2003. Protester mot höjd avgift för rullstolstaxi.
Dagens Nyhter. Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/dn20031007.html (In Swedish).
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2003. Fel siffra orsakade rabalder i färdtjänstdebatt.
Dagens Nyheter. Internet publikation URL: www.independentliving.org/taxi/dn20031003.html (In Swedish.)
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1998. Hanging In There.
Dick Peterson creates a new hoisting device with an above-the-waist lifting harness, making transfers smoother for people with various physical disabilities. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/peterson.html
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1988. Divisions in the disability community.
Within the community of disabled persons in this country there is a division between those concerned with civil rights and those concerned with service delivery. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools3b.html
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1995. The Disability Movement and its History.
Pfeiffer, resident scholar in the Center on Disability Studies at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, past president of the Society for Disability Studies, present editor of Disability Studies Quarterly and an early leader of the U.S. disability rights movement while a full time faculty member at Suffolk University in Boston, explores the history of the American disability rights movements through some of its most classic texts. First published as "Hip Crip 101." Mainstream: Magazine of the Able-Disabled, Dec.-Jan. 1994-95. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/pfeiffer95.html
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1994. Eugenics and Disability Discrimination.
David Pfeiffer presents and discusses the many statutory ways in which the civil rights of disabled people were, and still are, violated through state and local government laws in the United States. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/pfeiffe1.html
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1991. Access legislation.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest25.html
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1999. Position Papers '99, Attendant Care.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/pdcnsw99.html
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1991. Regulation of the non-handicapping environment in Hungary.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest26.html
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1991. Centrum för Independent Living (CIL), Berkeley, California: Funktionshindrade visar vägen till fullvärdigt medborgarskap.
The Berkeley CIL, the "first organization of its type in the world," is a visible symbol of the Independent Living movement, the international civil rights movement of disabled people. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/racino91sv.html (In Swedish.)
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1991. Center for Independent Living (CIL): Disabled People Take the Lead for Full Community Lives.
The Berkeley CIL, the "first organization of its type in the world," is a visible symbol of the Independent Living movement, the international civil rights movement of disabled people. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/racino91.html
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1992. Legislation of mobility facilities for disabled persons as backup to existing goodwill.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibharare16.html
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1999. A Personal Letter from Belgrade, Serbia - Written during the current NATO bombings in Yugoslavia.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/rajkov1999.html
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1991. The role of the Muscular Dystrophy Association in the creation of a barrier-free environment.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibbudapest27.html
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2003. Inependent Living and Yugoslav Experience.
The report presented on behalf Centre for Independent Living of Serbia, at the Europena Network on Independent Living (ENIL) Conference in Southampton, England, 7-9 March 2003. Gordana R. is a founding member of CIL in Serbia, and in the report she is explaining the current situation of disabled people in Serbia in the light of economic, social and political context, and CIL’s efforts to promote the idea of Independent Living Phylosophy in Serbia, particularly the PA Service, through pilot projects and research. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/rajkov200303.html
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2023. Judy Heumann har lämnat oss.
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1993. Peer Support - En sjöman ber inte om medvind - han lär sig segla.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/peersupport.html (In Swedish.)
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2012. The Independent Living movement paved the way: Origins of personal assistance in Sweden. Perspectives on personal assistance.
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1986. Från redaktionen -"Stiletten" nr. 5/86, november 1986.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/ar198611.html (In Swedish.)
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2004. Een model voor een nationale politiek inzake persoonlijke assistentie.".
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/ratzka200410a-nl.html
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1993. Moderna tider.
Ledare ur STILETTEN Nr. 1 1993. I: Institutet för Independent Living. 1993. "Hemtjänst i omdaning - möjligheter och decentraliseringens och privatiseringens tid, Dokumentation av STIL-hearing Stockholm 1993." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/stil1993.html#11 (In Swedish.)
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1997. Independent Living and Our Organizations.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/toolsforpower/tools7gr.html (In Greek).
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2003. The prerequisites for de-institutionalization.
Paper presented at the European Congress on Independent Living, Tenerife April 24-26, 2003. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/ratzka200304.html.
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1984. Costs and Benefits of Accessible Environments: A Case Study.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/cib/cibsthlm4.html
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1998. Independent Living in der Slowakei.".
1997 wann das Institut für Independent Living Projektverträge in der Slovakischen Republik im Rahmen des EU PHARE Programms für die Einführung eines Models für Persönliche Assistenz mit Bargeldleistungen an die Assistenznehmer sowie eines Models für ein rollstuhlgerechtes, der Öffentlichkeit zugängliches, Taxisystem mit Subventionierung der behinderten Reisenden. Der Artikel diskutiert die besonderen Schwierigkeiten und Möglichkeiten von benutzer-initierten und benutzer-betriebenen Lösungen in post-kommunistischen Gesellschaften. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/slovakiade.html (In German.)
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2008. Vem sparar i LSS-kommitténs förslag?
Internet publication URL:http://www.independentliving.org/ratzka20081001
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1994. Independent Living and the family: The context of Costa Rica and Sweden.".
In the context of the family, Independent Living implies participation in all areas of human life, especially loving relationships, sexuality and parenthood. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/FamilyCRSweden.html
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2004. The Swedish Personal Assistance Act of 1994.
Adolf Ratzka (Director of the Independent Living Institute), personal assistance and ventilator user for over 40 years, describes the features of the Swedish Personal Assistance Act of 1994 using his personal example as an illustration for the possibilities the policy opens up for people with extensive disabilities. Keynote address, Japanese Ventilator Users’ Network Symposium, Tokyo, 2004-06-23. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/ratzka20040623.html. Japanese version (PDF, 209 KB), Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/ratzka20040623-japanese.pdf.
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1999. A história da sociedade inclusiva na Europa.
Ratzka, Adolf. 1999-11. "A história da sociedade inclusiva na Europa." (In Portuguese.) Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/ratzka199911.html
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1996. Introduction to direct payments for personal assistance.
For persons with extensive disabilities there are two key requirements: personal assistance and accessibility in the built environment including accessible housing. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/directpay.html
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2017. Application for funding granted by the Swedish Inheritance Fund for the project Disabled Refugees Welcome.
This is a translated version of the application submitted in July 2016. There were minor revisions and additions made later missing from this document.
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2002. IT and disabled people's employment: opportunities and limits, The example of the Independent Living Institute.
Ratzka, Director, Independent Living Institute, describes some of the features of the Institute's Website and shows some of the possibilities offered by the internet to individuals with disabilities and their organizations. Pointing out the qualifications that working in this environment requires he concludes that IT cannot materially improve disabled people's employment situation as long as they do not have equal access to education, housing and transportation services. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/ratzka20020201.html
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2012. Personal Assistance empowers persons with disabilities and benefits the national economy.
Direct Payments for Personal Assistance make demand-driven services possible that promote freedom of choice and quality. Supply-driven services, on the other hand, are often monopolistic in-kind services that force users to adapt their lives to the needs of the service provider. The Swedish Personal Assistance Act of 1994 is an example of a Direct Payments policy. Its outcome is discussed as well as its implications for the national economy in times of economic crisis.
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1988. Aufstand der Betreuten - Selbstrespekt als Richtschnur.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/ratzka88a.html (in German.)
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2009. Interview with Kalle Könkkölä November 2008. kalle_konkkola200811.pdf (31.76 KB)
Internet publication URL: https://www.independentliving.org/kalle_konkkola200811
kalle_konkkola200811.pdf (31.76 KB)Pages
Recent Publications
- Adolf Ratzka, a great leader of the Independent Living movement has unfortunately passed away.
- Independent Living Institute Annual Report 2023
- Independent Living Institute Verksamhetsberättelse 2023
- In Search of Links: Overview of the State of Research on Disability, Migration, Employment and Health
- Personal assistance in Sweden
- Disability Defenders Network’s Newsletter - The development of personal assistance in Scotland
- The struggle for a PA law in Poland
- The Development of Personal Assistance in Malta: Moving closer to independent living through a practical and phased approach
- Personal Assistance: What's the current situation in Finland?
- The history of the adoption of the Personal Assistance Law in Bulgaria and its subsequent controversial effect - 2009-2023
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