Dr. Adolf Ratzka. 1996. STIL, the Stockholm Cooperative for Independent Living.

Background

In order to better understand the work and role of STIL some background information on Swedish social politics is provided here.

Division of responsibility in the social area

The Swedish social welfare system is administered by the three levels of government: central state, county councils, and local governments. The national government is responsible for issuing laws and regulations and their enforcement. In addition, functions such as social insurance, housing subsidies, labor market measures including vocational rehabilitation and education are administered at this level.

Dr. Adolf Ratzka. 1984. Costs and Benefits of Accessible Environments: A Case Study.

Report of the International Expert Seminar
Building Concept for the Handicapped
Stockholm, Sweden, April 10-12, 1984

Contents

Costs and Benefits of Accessible Environments: A Case Study

By Adolf Ratzka, Ph.D.

In this paper I will first give a very simplified theoretical justification for public subsidization of accessibility measures. I then present the results of a recent study as an illustration both of a methodological approach and of the various costs and benefits involved. I conclude the presentation with a few remarks on the role of economic evaluations in this area.

Dr. Adolf Ratzka. 1982. Hemservice - i vems regi?

Följande artikel publicerades 1982 i maj och juni-numren av Svensk Handikapptidskrift. Det var 2 år före STIL:s tillkomst. I en tid där den etablerade handikapprörelsen kämpade som hårdast för sina institutionella boendeformer av typ boendeservice eller förstärkt (more of the same) boendeservice. Så här i efterhand är det lätt att se att artikeln har historiskt värde. Den lanserade begreppen:

"personlig assistent",
"personlig assistans i brukarregi"
finansiering av personlig assistans genom riksförsäkringsverket.

Det tog 12 år tills visionen blev verklighet.

Dr. Adolf Ratzka. 2002. User control over services as a precondition for self-determination.

Adolf D. Ratzka, Ph.D.
www.independentliving.org/ratzka.html
Independent Living Institute, Sweden
www.independentliving.org

Handikappombudsmannen, Independent Living Sverige. 1998. Conference on Legislation for Human Rights.

Arranged by Handikappombudsmannen in cooperation with
Independent Living Sverige
Stockholm, Sweden 24 August 1998

På svenska

More and more countries have anti-discrimination legislation in connection with disability. At the conference on Legislation for Human Rights held in Stockholm on 24 August 1998 experts from several countries with such legislation presented how the legislation has functioned in their countries and their reflections on the situation of disabled people in their respective country.

In Sweden the traditional disability policy has been focused on support to the individual and compensation of disadvantages through special services.

Dr. Adolf Ratzka. 2002. IT and disabled people's employment: opportunities and limits, The example of the Independent Living Institute.

(Dr. Ratzka was invited to present this paper at the European Conference on New Technologies and Disability "An Open Market" MCYT/CERMI in Madrid February 6-7, 2002 in connection with Spain's European Union Presidency, but was prevented from traveling by influenza.)

Dr. Adolf Ratzka. 2002. Projektet ‘Taxi för Alla’ (PDF, 60 KB).

Dr. Adolf Ratzka. 2003. Die Schwedische Assistenzreform von 1994.

Dr. Adolf Ratzka
Independent Living Institute

www.independentliving.org
www.independentliving.org/ratzka.html

Zu meiner Person

Ich komme ursprünglich aus Bayern, bekam im Alter von 17 Jahren Polio, verbrachte 5 Jahre in Krankenhäusern aus Mangel an rollstuhlgerechten Wohnungen und praktischen Hilfen im Alltag. Mit 22 Jahren bekam ich die Möglichkeit direkt vom Krankenhaus in München in ein Studentenwohnheim in Los Angeles zu ziehen um dort zu studieren - mit elektrischem Rollstuhl und Beat mungsgerät, ohne Familie oder Bekannte im neuen Land.

Dr. Adolf Ratzka. 2003. Independent Living in Sweden.

by Adolf D. Ratzka, PhD (1), 2003

Contents

1. Origins of the movement in Sweden

1.1. The situation of persons with disabilities in Sweden in the 1980s

The movement of persons with disabilities

1.2. “Folkhem” revisited

Preparing the ground

1.3. The 1983 Conference on Independent Living

1.4. STIL’s proposal

Dr. Adolf Ratzka. 2003. The prerequisites for de-institutionalization.

I am a researcher by training working for the Independent Living Institute where we design and implement pilot projects in order to influence social policy towards self-determination and self-respect for persons with disabilities.

Dr. Adolf Ratzka. 2003. Checklist for Organizing Independent Living Events.

Adolf D. Ratzka, Ph.D., August 2003
Independent Living Institute
www.independentliving.org

The notes are intended to serve as a checklist for planning training sessions, seminars, workshops or conferences on Independent Living.

Planning process

Dr. Adolf Ratzka. 2003. From patient to customer: Direct payments for assistive technology for disabled people’s self-determination.

Plenary paper presented at the 7th European Conference for the Advancement of Assistive Technology, “Shaping the Future”, Dublin, Ireland, August 31st – 3rd September 2003.

Dr. Adolf Ratzka. 2003. Angående Färdtjänstförvaltningens svar på min anmälan om diskriminering - Anmälan hos Handikappombudsmannen.".

Taxi för alla | Framtidsvision | Faktaruta | Pressarkiv | Taxi site översikt

PDF, 9 KB

Handikappombudsmannen
Annica Emmervall
Box 49132
100 29 Stockholm

Ärende Dnr 2003/990
2003 09 11

Angående Färdtjänstförvaltningens svar på min anmälan om diskriminering.

Dr. Adolf Ratzka. 2003. Selbstbestimmte Mobilität für Menschen mit Behinderung in Schweden?"

Internationaler Kongress “Behindertsein in Europa” Linz, Österreich 3-5 Dezember 2003

Zu meiner Person

Ich komme ursprünglich aus Bayern, erkrankte dort 1961 an Polio, studierte 8 Jahre in Kalifornien, lebe und arbeite seit 1973 in Schweden, wo ich das Institut für selbstbestimmt Leben leite, mit dem wir Sozialpolitik in Richtung Selbstbestimmung beeinflussen wollen.

Schweden – Wunderland der Integration?

Dr. Adolf Ratzka. 2004. The Swedish Personal Assistance Act of 1994.

Personal introduction

Dr. Adolf Ratzka. 2004. The Swedish Personal Assistance Act of 1994.

Contents

Personal Introduction - From Germany to the US and Sweden
The Swedish Personal Assistance Act of 1994 and My Situation
Conclusions

Dr. Adolf Ratzka. 2005. Independent Living Empowers People with Disabilities.

En français

Independent Living Empowers People With Disabilities

See also: Sarbib, Jean-Louis. 2005-07. ”Development OUTREACH, July 2005.”

Independent Living is a philosophy, a way of looking at disability and society, and a worldwide movement of disabled people who work for self-determination, self-respect and equal opportunities.

Dr. Adolf Ratzka. 2005. Independent Living émancipe les personnes en situation de handicap.

In English

Independent Living Empowers People With Disabilities

Par Adolf D. Ratzka
Traduit de l’anglais par Mireille Maller

Independent Living (IL) est une réelle philosophie, une façon particulière d’aborder le handicap et la société, et un mouvement international de personnes handicapées oeuvrant pour l’autodétermination, la dignité et l’égalité des chances.

Model National Personal Assistance Policy (page in english)
Richtlinien für eine beispielhafte nationale Gesetzgebung für persönliche Assistenz (page Deutsch)
Modelo para una Política Nacional de Asistencia Personal (page Español)

Dr. Adolf Ratzka. 2004. Een model voor een nationale politiek inzake persoonlijke assistentie.".

Het beleid dat hier wordt voorgesteld is anders, omdat het werd uitgeschreven door mensen die zelf dagelijks op assistentie van andere mensen zijn aangewezen. Het Europees Centrum voor Excellentie in Persoonlijke Assistentie, ECEPA (www.ECEPA.org), bestaat uit acht partnerorganisaties in acht Europese landen die worden bestuurd door personen met een handicap en gespecialiseerd zijn in de belangenverdediging en adviesverlening inzake persoonlijke assistentie voor personen met een ernstige handicap. Door gebruik te maken van onze persoonlijke ervaringsdeskundigheid en van de ervaring die reeds werd opgedaan met het beleid inzake persoonlijke assistentie konden wij een lijst vaststellen van de essentiële kenmerken waaraan zodanig beleid moet voldoen om zelfbeschikking en volwaardig burgerschap voor personen met ernstige handicaps te bevorderen.

Model National Personal Assistance Policy (page in english)
Een model voor een nationale politiek inzake persoonlijke assistentie." (page Nederlands)
Modelo para una Política Nacional de Asistencia Personal (page Español)

Dr. Adolf Ratzka. 2004. Richtlinien für eine beispielhafte nationale Gesetzgebung für persönliche Assistenz.

Der hier vorgeschlagene Ansatz geht andere Wege, weil er von Personen erarbeitet wurde, die selber im täglichen Leben auf die Unterstützung anderer angewiesen sind. Im Europäischen Kompetenzzentrum für Persönliche Assistenz, ECEPA (www.ecepa.org), sind acht Partnerorganisationen (1) aus acht europäischen Ländern zusammen geschlossen. Diese Organisationen werden von Menschen mit Behinderungen geführt und sind darauf spezialisiert, Assistenzdienstleistungen für Menschen mit erheblichen Behinderungen durchzusetzen und anzubieten.

Richtlinien für eine beispielhafte nationale Gesetzgebung für persönliche Assistenz (page Deutsch)
Een model voor een nationale politiek inzake persoonlijke assistentie." (page Nederlands)
Modelo para una Política Nacional de Asistencia Personal (page Español)

Dr. Adolf Ratzka. 2004. Model National Personal Assistance Policy.

Using our combined personal experience with personal assistance policies a list of features was compiled for a policy that is to promote self-determination and full citizenship for persons with extensive disabilities. The suggested policy is designed to:

establish the right to direct payments of assistance services for as many assistance users as possible,
enable as many assistance users as possible to exercise the degree of control over their services which they prefer at any given situation in their lives

Dr. Adolf Ratzka. 2007. Independent Living for people with disabilities: from patient to citizen and customer.

Keynote at the conference in Barcelona 22 October 2007 organized by the Catalan Party Convergéncia i Unió in commemoration of the 25th anniversary of The Spanish Law for Persons with Disabilities of 1982

by Dr. Adolf Ratzka

Dr. Adolf Ratzka. 2008. Från patient till kund - anförande vid konferensen Fritt val av hjälpmedel Stockholm 30 maj 2008.

fil dr Adolf Ratzka, Independent Living Institute

Tack för det här tillfället att berätta hur jag upplever hjälpmedelsförsörjningen och hur jag tror att verklig valfrihet kan åstadkommas.

Miles M. 2008. HITTITE DEAF MEN IN THE 13th CENTURY BC: introductory notes with annotated bibliography.

PDF, 108 KB

En français (PDF, 637 KB, source: http://cis.gouv.fr/spip.php?article3794)

File attachments:

miles200809.pdf

HITTITE_DEAF_MEN_IN_THE_13th_CENTURY_BC_traduction_francaise_4.pdf

Beatty P, Adams M, O´Day B. 1998. Virginia's Consumer-Directed Personal Assistance Services Program: A History and Evaluation.

På svenska

Source: American Rehabilitation, Summer, 1998, http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0842/is_3_24/ai_54116683/?tag=content;col1

Philip Beatty, MA
Martha Adams,
Bonnier O´Day, Ph.D.

Beatty P, Adams M, O´Day B. 1998. Virginia brukarstyrda personliga assistansprogram: En historik och utvärdering.

In English

Källa och engelska original: American Rehabilitation, Summer, 1998, http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0842/is_3_24/ai_54116683/?tag=content;col1

Philip Beatty, MA
Martha Adams,
Bonnier O´Day, Ph.D.

The role of relative helpers in the Swedish personal assistance system (page in english)

Jaillet C. 2009. La place des aidants familiaux dans le système d'assistance personnelle suédoise.

Si dans la plupart des pays européens, la forme la plus répandue d'assistance est fournie par les proches de la personne en situation de handicap, on peut aisément comprendre les limites de ce système. La relation de confiance fait que ce système peut fonctionner, et pourtant : - les membres de la famille de la personne en situation de handicap à haut degré de dépendance, les parents notamment, vieillissent et ne peuvent pas indéfiniment être les assistants de leur enfant-adulte,

Jaillet C. 2009. De la dé-institutionnalisation à la vie autonome : la nécessité des systèmes de formations et de la pair-émulation.

In English

Dr. Adolf Ratzka. 2008. No shortcuts on the road to employment for persons with disabilities.

Åslund K. 1993. STIL:s roll i Stockholms stads förändringsarbete för valfrihet brukarinflytande.

Se www.independentliving.org/docs3/stil1993.html#6

Zarb G. 2003. The Economics of Independent Living.

Gerry Zarb is a Policy Analyst at the Disability Rights Commission in the UK. He was formerly Disability Programme Director at the Policy Studies Institute. He has extensive research and consultancy experience on a range of disability issues, with a particular interest in independent living.

Westerberg B. 1993. Den nya handikappreformen för ett jämlikt och värdigt liv.

Se www.independentliving.org/docs3/stil1993.html#3

Were Masakhwe P. 2008. Trials and tribulation of persons with disabilities in 2007 general election.

Phitalis Were Masakhwe If you think winning a seat in Parliament is difficult for your average Kenyan, ask those with disabilities about their experiences. The recent elections failed to send any disabled people to the Parliamentary benches, leaving a community of three million disabled Kenyans unrepresented.

Were Masakhwe P. 2008. Development System Locks Out the Disabled.

Phitalis Were Masakhwe That the non government (NGO) industry is a major player in the so called development cannot be over emphasized. That billion of dollars have been channeled into the sector to “wipe out” poverty particularly in poor developing countries is a fact.

Were Masakhwe P. 2007. The UN Day for Persons with Disabilities: How the world is unfair to people with disabilities.

How the years fly by! Once again the UN day for Persons with Disabilities is with us. On this day 14 years ago the UN General Assembly declared 3rd December an international day to remember and think about people around the world with all forms of disabilities.

Today is a day to think of how disability is a fundamental part of humanity and how people and organizations should constantly think of disabled people when planning and allocating resources. Whether that is happening is the main thrust of this article.

Over the past 14 years significant improvements have been made internationally for disabled people, including throughout Africa, and here in Kenya in particular.

Vegerfors M. 1993. Kommunerna saknar meningsfulla ekonomisystem." Debattartikel från Dagens Industri, torsdag 22 april 1993, sidan 4. I: Institutet för Independent Living. 1993. "Hemtjänst i omdaning - möjligheter och decentraliseringens och privatiseringens tid, Dokume.

Se www.independentliving.org/docs3/stil1993.html#12

Thorén C. 1991. The Nordic Committee on Disability: Existing legislation in the Nordic countries.

CIB logo

Report of the CIB Expert Seminar on Building Non-Handicapping Environments, Budapest 1991

Contents

Thiberg S. 1984. Research Profiles and Strategies.

CIB logo

Report of the International Expert Seminar
Building Concept for the Handicapped
Stockholm, Sweden, April 10-12, 1984

Contents

Research Profiles and Strategies

By Prof. Sven Thiberg

The National Federation of the Blind of North Carolina. 1999. Introducing Newsline: Access Technology to Newspapers for the Blind and Visually Impaired.

Every morning many people throughout the United States start the day with a cup of coffee and the morning newspaper. They do, that is, unless they are blind or severely visually impaired. The National Federation of the Blind has initiated a project which gives promise of making newspapers available on a regular basis to the blind of the nation.

Swedish Parliament. 1993. Act concerning Support and Service for Persons with Certain Functional Impairments.

Swedish Code of Statutes SFS 1993:387

Act concerning Support and Service
for Persons with Certain Functional Impairments
passed on 27 May 1993.

På svenska

In accordance with a decision by Parliament, the following is ordained.

Introductory provisions

Section 1. This Act contains provisions relating to measures for special support and special service for those

Sveriges Riksdag. 1993. Lag om införande av LSS, lagen (1993:387) om stöd och service).

In English

* Rubrik: Lag (1993:389) om assistansersättning
* Utfärdad: 1993-05-27
* Ändring införd: t.o.m. SFS 1994:1702

Sundström A. 2003. Hårda sparkrav vänter färdtjänsten.

Se www.independentliving.org/taxi/dn20030614.pdf (557 KB)

Stone K, Dart Jr. J. 2001. Justin Dart, Jr. - A Peek of Insight.

by: Karen Stone

Stockholms läns landstings Landstingsfullmäktige. 2003. Protokoll § 281, Handlingsplan med förslag till åtgärder för att få färdtjänstbudgeten i balans (förslag 68).

Taxi för alla | Framtidsvision | Faktaruta | Pressarkiv | Taxi site översikt

Stockholms läns landstings Landstingsfullmäktige

Protokoll 2003-10-07

Stiletten. 1987. Är självbestämmande privatisering? Svar till Aftonbladet

Från Stiletten Nr 3 1987

Bengt Westerberg (fp) nämnde i STIL i riksdagens allmännpolitiska debatt som gör ett angeläget initiativ där människor med funktionshinder är arbetsgivare och anställer sina assistenter själva. Aftonbladet 870205 kommenterar i ledarartikeln "ideologierna är inte döda" att "Westerbergs taktik är försåtlig. Vem vill inte att människor ska få växa, att initiativ och skaparkraft ska främjas? Risken är emellertid att en omfattande privatisering skulle få precis motsatt effekt."

Stil, Stiftarna av Independent Living i Sverige. 2003. STIL skapar kaos i Stockholm city!.

Se www.independentliving.org/taxi/pastillen200306.pdf

Stepanov VK. 1991. Built environment for disabled persons in Russia: Needs and problems.

CIB logo

Report of the CIB Expert Seminar on Building Non-Handicapping Environments, Budapest 1991

Contents

South African Human Rights Commission. 1997. Policy Paper from the South African Human Rights Commission 1997 # 5 : Disability.

Introduction

The situation faced by people with disabilities in South Africa is one which is characterised by extreme levels of inequality and discrimination. Social, economic and political barriers interact to create conditions of underdevelopment, marginalisation and unequal access to resources enjoyed by the rest of the population.

Smaaland J. 2007. Vilken är din typ? - Erfarenheter av assistansanordnare

Se också: www.independentliving.org/assistanskoll/Erfarenheter-av-assistansanordnare.html

Har du fått ett beslut från försäkringskassan om assistansersättning? Grattis! Nu måste du dock ta ställning till vem du vill ska anordna din assistans. Förutom att du kan låta kommunen ta hand om det hela har du rätt att välja ett företag eller kooperativ. Du kan dessutom välja att själv vara arbetsgivare med allt vad det innebär.

Sjölander J, Börjesson P, Dahl U. 2003. Hellre ofta än bekvämt.

Se www.independentliving.org/taxi/city20031007s21.pdf (105 KB)

Med Lagen som Verktyg

Report of the International Expert Seminar
Building Concept for the Handicapped
Stockholm, Sweden, April 10-12, 1984

Costs and Benefits of Accessible Environments: A Case Study

Report of the CIB Expert Seminar on Building Non-Handicapping Environments, Budapest 1991

Report of the International Expert Seminar
Building Concept for the Handicapped
Stockholm, Sweden, April 10-12, 1984

Research Profiles and Strategies

Act concerning Support and Service
for Persons with Certain Functional Impairments
passed on 27 May 1993.

Introductory provisions

Stockholms läns landstings Landstingsfullmäktige

Report of the CIB Expert Seminar on Building Non-Handicapping Environments, Budapest 1991

Pages

Med Lagen som Verktyg

Report of the International Expert Seminar Building Concept for the Handicapped Stockholm, Sweden, April 10-12, 1984

Costs and Benefits of Accessible Environments: A Case Study

Report of the CIB Expert Seminar on Building Non-Handicapping Environments, Budapest 1991

Report of the International Expert Seminar Building Concept for the Handicapped Stockholm, Sweden, April 10-12, 1984

Research Profiles and Strategies

Act concerning Support and Service for Persons with Certain Functional Impairments passed on 27 May 1993.

Introductory provisions

Stockholms läns landstings Landstingsfullmäktige

Report of the CIB Expert Seminar on Building Non-Handicapping Environments, Budapest 1991

Pages

Report of the International Expert Seminar
Building Concept for the Handicapped
Stockholm, Sweden, April 10-12, 1984

Report of the International Expert Seminar
Building Concept for the Handicapped
Stockholm, Sweden, April 10-12, 1984

Act concerning Support and Service
for Persons with Certain Functional Impairments
passed on 27 May 1993.