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1999
Trägårdh, Lars.  1999.  Bemäktiga individerna - Om domstolarna, lagen och de individuella rättigheterna i Sverige.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/bemaktiga.html (In Swedish.)
Smith, Eleanor.  1999.  A Call for "Visitability.
Despite improvements in disability access, homes still routinely exclude people with disabilities. Eleanor Smith suggests a different approach to construction and modification. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/smith.html
Brown, Steven E.  1999.  The Curb Ramps of Kalamazoo: Discovering Our Unrecorded History.
Dr. Steven E. Brown, Co-Founder of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, learned by accident of a city program to implement curb cuts in Kalamazoo, Michigan in the U.S. in the mid-1940s. This is the story of how that occurred. In: Disability Studies Quarterly, 19 (3), (Summer 1999), 203-05. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown99a.html.
Hrdá, Jana.  1999.  Czech Republic warehouses disabled people - Money Earmarked for Creation of Institutions.
Jana Hrdá, Director of the Prague Center for Independent Living, appeals to the international disability community to write letters protesting the planned construction of more institutions for disabled people in her country. A letter by the Director of the Independent Living Institute points out the detrimental psychological, social and economic effects of warehousing disabled people in institutions. Instead, evidence shows that funds spent on personal assistance and housing adaptation yield high returns for individual and society. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/czechinst.html
Golden, Marilyn.  1999.  Department of Transportation (DOT) Finishes Greyhound Regulation -- Proposes Bus Companies Must Document Lack of Service.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/golden1999.html
Kelles-Viitanen, Anita.  1999.  Disability, Poverty Reduction and Social Development.
Anita Kelles-Viitanen of the Asian Development Bank examines the objectives of the Bank in regard to poverty reduction and improving the quality of life of all people in Asia and the Pacific. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dpidi2992.html
Oliver, Mike.  1999.  Disabled people and the inclusive society: or the times they really are changing.
Mike Oliver looks at semantics and use of words in addressing disability issues, and refers to Bob Dylan's "The times they are a-changing" to make his point about exclusion and discrimination. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/oliver.html
Literacy Volunteers of America.  1999.  Disabled to Raise Funds for Non-Disabled - Labor Day weekend radio event to benefit Literacy Volunteers of America.
To show that people with disabilities – like all other humans – can be both on the receiving and giving end, "On A Roll," the weekly syndicated radio program on disability lifestyle issues, produced by people with disabilities, raised funds for Literacy Volunteers of America, Inc. (LVA) through an on-air event on Sept. 5, 1999. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/onarollathon1999.html
Richter, Linda K, Richter William L.  1999.  Ethics Challenges: Health, Safety and Accessibility in International Travel and Tourism.
William L. Richter and Linda K. Richter explore ethical dimensions of accessible travel for people with disabilities, citing trends, issues, and strategies for public administrators to deal with these concerns. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/richter.html
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  1999.  European Network on Independent Living: disability rights.
Andrich, Renzo.  1999.  EUSTAT Study (Empowering Users Through Assistive Technology), Training Manuals.
EUSTAT, a European project carried out within the EU/Telematics Programme, has published educational material specifically addressed towards end-users of Assistive Technology - people with disabilities. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/eustat99.html
Clare, Elizabeth.  1999.  Exile and Pride: Disability, Queerness, and Liberation.
This book by Eli Clare, explores the landscape of disability, class, queerness, and child abuse, telling stories that echo with the sounds of an Oregon logging and fishing town, and with the lively political debates of crip crusaders and transgender warriors. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/clare99.html.
Stephen, Drake, Diane Coleman.  1999.  Fact Sheet on Peter Singer.
Gill, Carol J.  1999.  Facts About Disability and 'Quality of Life'.
If only Kevorkian and others would read the research literature before deciding it is reasonable to want to die when you have an extensive disability! Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/gill99sv.html (In Swedish.)
Krause, Carol.  1999.  Federal Resource Center for Women with Disabilities - Added to the National Women's Health Information Center.
The Office of Women's Health in the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) announces the first-ever federal resource center for women with disabilities as part of the expanding National Women's Health Information Center (NWHIC). Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/nwhic.html
Kulkhanchit, Topong.  1999.  First fully accessible city buses in Thailand.
On August 5, 1999 Thailand's first accessible buses will begin accommodating passengers with disabilities on routes in Bangkok. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/thaibus.html
Batavia, Drew, Gallagher Hugh Gregory.  1999.  Gallagher and Batavia on Physician-assisted Suicide - An Open Letter to People with Disabilities.
Hugh Gallagher and Drew Batavia clarify their position on physician-assisted suicide and people with disabilities, including a declaration of disability rights. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/gallbat.html.
Waddell, Cynthia D.  1999.  The Growing Digital Divide in Access for People with Disabilities: Overcoming Barriers To Participation In The Digital Economy.
This paper identifies some of the emerging digital economy barriers, current efforts to address these barriers and expresses the author's vision of the long-term policy research agenda. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/waddell99.html
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) News.  1999.  "Health - Euthanasia controls failing.".
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/bbc990216.html.
Kaplan, Karen.  1999.  High-Tech Dawn for People with Disabilities: Typing by Eye Movement, Non-Visual.
High-tech solutions attract a lot of interest. Whether people with disabilities can actually benefit from them remains to be seen. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/karenkaplan.html
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  1999.  A história da sociedade inclusiva na Europa.
Ratzka, Adolf. 1999-11. "A história da sociedade inclusiva na Europa." (In Portuguese.) Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/ratzka199911.html
Nakanishi, Yukiko.  1999.  IL-rörelsen breder ut sig i Asien.
Yukiko Nakanishi reports on Independent Living seminars, workshops and exchanges that are helping to spread the philosophy across Asia. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dpidi299sv.html (In Swedish.)
Independent Living Institute.  1999.  Independent Living Institute (ILI) Annual Report 1998.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/ilanrp1998.html
Independent Living Institute.  1999.  Independent Living Institute Verksamhetsberättelse 1998.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/ilarsbrtls1998.html
Nakanishi, Yukiko.  1999.  Independent Living movement spreads in Asia.
Yukiko Nakanishi reports on Independent Living seminars, workshops and exchanges that are helping to spread the philosophy across Asia. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dpidi299.html
Independent Living Institute.  1999.  Independent Living World Summit.
The first global meeting on Independent Living was convened in Washington, D.C., September 21-25, 1999. Over 100 leaders evaluated the movement's 30 year old history and set the agenda for the future. This publication provides links to conference reports and reflections from participants in their respective languages. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/ils0.html
Brown, Steven E.  1999.  Institutional Madness: Speaking out against institutionalism.
Dr. Steven E. Brown speaks out on institutionalism: "No one I know who has lived in a nursing home wanted to stay there. Institutions by their very nature constrict freedom; suppress life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/brown1.html.
Council of Europe.  1999.  Integration of People with Disabilities: Discrimination.
The Council of Europe recommends disability policy guidelines for Member States. With the knowledge that governments follow different approaches to achieve equal opportunity policies, the Council of Europe established a Working Group in November 1996 to elaborate a collection and comparative analysis of legislation against discrimination of persons with disabilities in member States. The final report will be published in autumn 1999. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/coedisc.html
Rosen, Fred.  1999.  Is International Travel Accessible for Persons with a Disability?
Fred Rosen outlines travel accessibility policies in 5 countries, including problems and recommendations for improved standards. Includes a list of publications on accessibility in the U.S.A., Canada, Britain, and Australia. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/fredrosen.html
The National Federation of the Blind of North Carolina.  1999.  Introducing Newsline: Access Technology to Newspapers for the Blind and Visually Impaired.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/newsline.html  
Charen, Mona.  1999.  Kevorkian's death crusade finally stopped.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/charen19990429.html.
Gill, Carol J.  1999.  Korrekta fakta om funktionshinder och 'livskvalitet'.
If only Kevorkian and others would read the research literature before deciding it is reasonable to want to die when you have an extensive disability! Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/gill99sv.html (In Swedish.)
Sjögren, Johan.  1999.  Lagstiftning mot Diskriminering - Rapport från seminarium den 29 april 1999 arrangerat av riksdagens nätverk för handikappfrågor.
Mot bakgrund av IL-Sveriges arbete och bemötandeutredningens förslag om grundlagstillägg etc verkar det att vi skall ha lagstiftning mot diskriminering - frågan är bara hur den skall se ut? (In Swedish.) Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/lagstiftningsem.html
Carleton, Gwen.  1999.  Making Technology Accessible To All.
Universal design in Information Technology is slowly becoming standard in the industry. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/gwencarleton.html.
Bayha, Betsy.  1999.  Media's crippling coverage misses real story of disability experience.
Why do the media continually use the same ill-fitting and inaccurate phrases such as "wheelchair-bound," "afflicted" and "special needs," that the disability community rejected long ago? Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/bayha1999.html.
Digh, Patricia.  1999.  Misplaced Modifiers: Respectful Language Improves Accuracy.
Print and broadcast media often describe people with disabilities with archaic and demeaning phrases. Patricia Digh provides guidelines for writing about people with disabilities. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/digh.html
National Council on Disability (NCD).  1999.  NCD Releases Report on Improving the Enforcement of Civil Rights of Air Travelers with Disabilities.
The NCD has released a groundbreaking report documenting ineffective enforcement of the Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) since the law's passage in 1986. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/ncd199.html
National Council on Disability (NCD).  1999.  Ny rapport från NCD om förbättringar i tillämpningen av rättigheter för flygresenärer med funktionsnedsättgning.
The NCD has released a groundbreaking report documenting ineffective enforcement of the Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) since the law's passage in 1986. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/ncd1999sv.html
Longmore, Paul K.  1999.  Paul Longmore's testimony before Assembly Judiciary Committee Protesting Assembly Bill 1592.
A testimony before the Assembly Judiciary Committee against AB 1592 which would legalize physician assisted suicide in California. The committee voted for the bill 8 to 7 - there is a long fight ahead. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/longmore1592.html
Segalman, Bob.  1999.  People with Speech Disabilities Now Have a Telephone Service.
Dial toll free to reach a patient, trained operator who is familiar with many speech patterns and has acute hearing. This operator makes telephone calls for you and repeats your words exactly. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/speechphone.html
Rajkov, Gordana.  1999.  A Personal Letter from Belgrade, Serbia - Written during the current NATO bombings in Yugoslavia.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/rajkov1999.html  
Independent Living Research Utilization (ILRU) Program.  1999.  Perspectivas Globales Sobre Vida Independiente Para El Proximo Milenio. Washington, D.C. 21-25 de setiembre de 1999.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs2/ils99sp.html
Godinho, Francisco.  1999.  Portuguese Parliament promotes Web Accessibility.
Portugal became the fourth country in the world to officially promote web accessibility for people with disabilities, after the United States, Australia and Canada. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/portweb.html
Physical Disability Council of NSW, Inc..  1999.  Position Papers '99, Attendant Care.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/pdcnsw99.html  
Harrington, Candy.  1999.  The Problem with Travel Misinformation.
The biggest problem for travelers with disabilities is the alarming increase of misinformation about accessible travel, claims Candy Harrington. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/ch1999.html
Harrington, Candy.  1999.  Problemet med desinformation.
The biggest problem for travelers with disabilities is the alarming increase of misinformation about accessible travel, claims Candy Harrington. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/ch1999sv.html (In Swedish.)
Konczei, Gyorgy.  1999.  Rethinking Disability and Discrimination - A social and economic approach (Comparative Study).
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/equalisingopps.html and www.independentliving.org/docs5/equalisingopps.pdf
Miles, M, Hossain Farhad.  1999.  Rights and Disabilities in Educational Provisions in Pakistan and Bangladesh: Roots, Rhetoric, Reality.
Educational opportunities for children with disabilities in Pakistan and Bangladesh are seen in the context of the countries' religious, cultural and economic development. The relevance of Western concepts such as "human rights", "inclusion" and "empowerment" is critically examined. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/mmiles3.html
Wolbring, Gregor.  1999.  Science and Society - Critical Comments on the 1999 World Conference on Science, Budapest, Hungary.
Gregor Wolbring, biochemist and scientific advisor to the Thalidomide Society of Canada, reports on the 1999 World Conference on Science, Budapest, Hungary from the perspective of a person with a disability. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/wolbrin1.html
Coleman, Diane.  1999.  A serial killer of disabled people, out on the streets - Will Jack Kevorkian be convicted?
The courts of Michigan are preparing to send a worldwide message about the euthanasia of people with disabilities. Will Jack Kevorkian be convicted and imprisoned? Or will he be acquitted once more, never to be charged again? Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/Kevorkian.html.
Connally, Patrick Wm.  1999.  Singer/Crips/Animals.
Patrick William Connally, visionary, (Disability Rights, Enforcement, Education, Services) DREES President and founder, discusses the controversy over the appointment of Peter Singer, author of "Practical Ethics," to a teaching position at Princeton University. According to Connally, Singer seems to support euthanasia for new born babies with disabilities. Connally discusses the morals and values concerning this issue, providing a historical perspective as well as a strong negative to Singer’s ideas. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/column/conn1_00.html.
Dart, Justin.  1999.  Speach on the value of human life to The Trustees of the Center for Human Values, Princeton University April 14, 1999.
Disability activist, Justin Dart, condemns the appointment and ethics of Princeton's Bioethics professor, Dr. Peter Singer. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/dart99a.html
Kruse, Douglas L, Schriner Kay, Schur Lisa, Shields Todd.  1999.  A Study of the Political Behavior of People with Disabilities - What Determines Voter Turnout, Executive Summary: Empowerment through Civic Participation.
Are people with disabilities as likely as those without disabilities to vote, and to engage in other forms of political and civic participation? If not, why not? Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/disvoters.html
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  1999.  Taxi för alla: Förslag till pilotprojekt.
För allmänheten utgör taxin ett viktigt komplement till de kollektiva färdmedlen buss, pendeltåg, spårvagn eller tunnelbana. För människor med funktionshinder gäller det i ännu högre grad. Vi vill visa att enkla och eleganta lösningar kan förbättra även vår rörlighet i stadstrafiken. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/taxiSv.html (In Swedish.)
Imparato, Andrew J.  1999.  Toward an Inclusive Definition of Disability.
In reaction to the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling on their interpretation of the definition of "disability," the National Council on Disability (NCD) is submitting this inclusive definition of disability by Andy Imparato. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/imparato.html
Hurst, Rachel.  1999.  Training Manual for Media and Disability Rights.
Rachel Hurst is the Director of Disability Awareness in Action, London, England. The document is a training manual for organisations of disabled people, as guidance for seminars with the media on disability as a rights issue. It is based on a three-day seminar where media delegates from all over English speaking Africa met in Harare, Zimbabwe in 1998 to share experiences and to work out a way for using the media to get the human rights message across. As well as a suggested programme for a seminar on media and disability rights, organisational guidance and tips for trainers and workshop leaders are provided which should prove useful for any training seminar or workshop that organisations may wish to run on any other subject. ISBN: 1 89037 31 0. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/hursttm99.html
Annan, Kofi.  1999.  United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan's Message on the International Day of Disabled Persons.
In his message on the International Day of Disabled Persons, 3 December 1999, Kofi Annan, the Secretary General of the United Nations, spoke about the theme of the day, accessibility, with a reminder that for many people with disabilities, the lack of access to essential services remains a source of discrimination and lost opportunities. Accessibility in the broadest sense of the term is a prerequisite for disabled people to enjoy equal opportunities. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/annan1999.html.
Abidi, Javed.  1999.  Vi måste lära oss att hävda oss. Disability Awareness in Action Newsletter, nummer 74, juli 1999.
According to Abidi, Executive Director, National Centre for Promotion of Employment of Disabled, India, with 60-70 million disabled people in India, disability is clearly a social issue, a socio-economic issue, a development issue. Why then is disability not a national issue? Internet publication URL: http://www.independentliving.org/docs1/abidisv.html.
Abidi, Javed.  1999.  We (Disabled People) Must Learn to Exert Ourselves. Disability Awareness in Action Newsletter no. 74, July 1999.
According to Abidi, Executive Director, National Centre for Promotion of Employment of Disabled, India, with 60-70 million disabled people in India, disability is clearly a social issue, a socio-economic issue, a development issue. Why then is disability not a national issue? Internet publication URL: http://www.independentliving.org/docs1/abidi.html.
1998
Stone, Karen.  1998.  Awakening to Disability - Nothing About Us Without Us.
Book review from Ability Network magazine. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/stonereview.html
Mason, Philip.  1998.  Back To Basics - Hampshire Center for Independent Living's Expert Seminar on Independent Living.
Back To Basics: Philip Mason's keynote speech at the expert seminar organized by the Hampshire CIL in Southampton, May 30 -31, 1998.
Russell, Marta.  1998.  Beyond Ramps: Disability at the End of the Social Contract.
Book review courtesy Common Courage Press. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/RussellReview.html
Hardus, Alwine.  1998.  Boss in your own home: Client Linked Budget.
"Client-linked budget" is a system of direct payments for personal assistance services. This outlines the Dutch service, comparing it with "help in kind." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/hardus.html
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  1998.  Brief Description of the Swedish Personal Assistance Act of 1994 (LASS).
For the "International Survey of Personal Assistance Schemes." Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs1/ratzka1998lass.html and www.independentliving.org/panetwork/questionnaire.html
Doty, Pamela J.  1998.  The Cash and Counseling Demonstration: An Experiment in Consumer-Directed Personal Assistance Services.
The "Cash and Counseling" Demonstration/Evaluation is a large-scale public policy experiment designed to test the feasibility and assess a consumer-directed approach to the financing and delivery of personal assistance services (PAS). Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/ar398.html
Creurer, Michael.  1998.  Changing Lanes... A guide to help when aging, illness or disability forces us into the Slow Lane - Book Review.
Michael Creurer offers valuable psycho-educational concepts combined with narratives about the author and his disabled peers. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/rogers.html
Handikappombudsmannen, Independent Living Sverige.  1998.  Conference on Human Rights for Disabled People: Discussion from August 24th, 1998.
This is the transcript of a panel discussion on the topic of constitutional laws and anti-discrimination legislation for persons with disabilities. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/hr11.html
Handikappombudsmannen, Independent Living Sverige.  1998.  Conference on Legislation for Human Rights.
This introduction to the conference on Legislation for Human Rights held in Stockholm on August 24, 1998 presents links to reports by experts from several countries with anti-discrimination legislation in connection with disability about how the legislation has functioned in their countries and their reflections on the situation of disabled people in their respective countries. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/hr00.html
Enns, Henry.  1998.  Conflict Situations and Disabled Persons.
Henry Enns, Executive Director of Disabled Peoples’ International discusses the plight of disabled refugees as a human rights issue that needs to be addressed by the UN and member states. Immigration policies in most countries discriminate against disabled refugees considering them as a “burden” and ignoring the significant contributions that disabled persons make to society. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dispeopleintldev2.html
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  1998.  Crip Utopia.
Ironisk science fiction. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/ratzkacusv.html (In Swedish.)
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  1998.  Crip Utopia.
Tongue-in-cheek science fiction. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/ratzkacu.html (In Swedish.)
Doe, Tanis.  1998.  Definitioner av Independent Living (IL) världen över.
En av de primära grundsatserna av IL filosofin är att sociala problem inte stammar från funktionsnedsättningen hos individen utan från samhällets misslyckande i att möta samhällsmedborgarnas behov. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/doe1998.html (In Swedish.)
Hardus, Alwine.  1998.  Det är du som bestämmer: Brukarstryd budget för att ordna assistans (Direct Payments).
"Client-linked budget" is a system of direct payments for personal assistance services. This outlines the Dutch service, comparing it with "help in kind." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/hardussv.html (In Swedish.)
Mahoney, K J, Simon-Rusinowitz L, Desmond S M, Shoop D M, Squillace M R, Fay R A.  1998.  Determining Consumers' Preferences for a Cash Option: New York Survey Findings.
The purpose of this article is to present findings from a telephone survey conducted in New York to assess consumers' preliminary interest in the cash option when compared to traditional services. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs4/ar498.html
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Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  1998.  Direct Payment Schemes in Slovakia.
In 1997 the Independent Living Institute successfully bid for projects in the Slovak Republic within the European PHARE program: a personal assistance delivery scheme using direct cash payments and a accessible mainstream taxi system with a subsidy scheme for disabled riders. The article discusses some of the difficulties and opportunities that user-initiated and user-run solutions entail in post-communist societies. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/slovakia.html
Enns, Henry.  1998.  Disabled Refugees.
Henry Enns, Executive Director of Disabled Peoples’ International discusses the plight of disabled refugees as a human rights issue that needs to be addressed by the UN and member states. Immigration policies in most countries discriminate against disabled refugees considering them as a “burden” and ignoring the significant contributions that disabled persons make to society. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/enns1998disabled_refugees
Barnes, Colin.  1998.  Discrimination and the law - the British Experience.
In his presentation at the seminar organized by Independent Living Sweden, Stockholm, and and the Office of the Disability Ombudsman, Professor Colin Barnes of the Disability Research Unit in Leeds, UK, describes the Disability Discrimination Act enacted in 1995 in the UK, why and how the Act came into being, and why the Act is a mistake. He notes that the result of policies in general has been to create dependence for disabled people instead of independence which is what disabled people want and have a right to. Conference on Legislation for Human Rights Stockholm, Sweden, 1998-08-24. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/hr6.html.
Nakanishi, Yukiko.  1998.  Effects of the Economic Downturn in Japan.
The Japanese Government has been trying to promote decentralization for the last 6-7 years. Disabled persons are afraid that some services will be cut due to scarce local resources. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/JapanEcon.html
Lindqvist, Bengt.  1998.  Erfarenheter av lagstiftning internationellt.
Bengt Lindqvist, FN:s speciella rapportör om standardreglerna, inleder Konferensen om Lagstiftning för Mänskliga Rättigheter i Stockholm, Sverige. (In Swedish.) Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/hr3.html
Flynn, Padraig.  1998.  An EU response to Disability in the Workplace, SIPTU, DISABILITY, EQUALITY - National Workshop on the Politics of Disability.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/flynn98.html
Enns, Henry.  1998.  Flyktingar med funktionsnedsättning.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/enns1998flyktingar
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  1998.  Försök med kontantstöd för Personlig Assistans i Slovakien.
I 1997 vann Institutet för Independent Living ett kontrakt för projekt i Slovakiska Republiken inom EU:s PHARE- program för personlig assistans i brukarregi med kontantstöd och för uppbyggnaden av ett integrerat allmänt taxisystem, som tar alla kunder oavsett om de har rörelsehinder och använder rullstol eller ej, med subventioner för kunder med funktionshinder. Artikeln diskuterar de möjligheter och hinder som brukarinitierade och brukarstyrda lösningar möter i post-kommunistiska samhällen. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/slovakiasv.html (In Swedish.)
Taylor, Zara Buggs.  1998.  Framställningar av handikapp i populära TV-program.
People with disabilities are often invisible in movies and television shows, however, Zara Buggs Taylor writes about one television show which is changing audience perceptions about people with disabilities. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/taylorsv.html (In Swedish.)
Konczei, Gyorgy.  1998.  Genesis of the Hungarian Anti-Discrimination Legislation.
Hungary is leaving the old fashioned approach to disability, characterised by pity, paternalism, charity and a medical approach, and is taking on a legal approach which acknowledges the rights of disabled citizens. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/hr9.html
Degener, Dr. Theresia.  1998.  The Global Picture and the European Situation Regarding Bioethics and Genetic Engineering.
This article is an account of a presentation at the 1998 "Seminar on Bioethics and Disabled people" by Dr. Theresia Degener, legal adviser to the German Council of Centres for Self-Determined Living and lecturer at the Universities of Frankfurt, Mainz and Leipzig. In her presentation, Dr. Degener advanced a theory that bioethics is incompatible with human rights philosophy. She also discusses how existing international standards with regard to human rights including The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and the Nuremberg Code (1947) are undermined by the draft UNESCO Declaration on Bio-ethics and Human Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights and Bio-Medicine, both of which were designed to protect freedom of research. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dpibethics.html. In: Disabled Peoples' International (DPI). 1998. "Seminar on Bioethics and Disabled people." Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/dpibethics.html
Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions, UK.  1998.  Government Consults on Rail Accessibility - Press Notice: 372/ Transport.
Press release (London, England) - Trains and trams entering service after 31 December 1998 will be fully accessible. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/transnews.html
European Disability Forum.  1998.  Guide to the Amsterdam Treaty.
As a result of extensive campaign work by disability NGOs, disabled people are now visible in the Treaties. The non-discrimination clause, the provisions on social policy, the title on employment, the declaration on internal market legislation will all have practical consequences for disabled people throughout the Union. Internet publication URLs: www.independentliving.org/docs3/edf98.html and www.independentliving.org/docs3/edf98.pdf
Claesson Wästberg, Inger.  1998.  Handikappombudsman Inledning på Konferensen om Lagstiftning för Mänskliga Rättigheter.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/hr1.html.
Peterson, Dick.  1998.  Hanging In There.
Dick Peterson creates a new hoisting device with an above-the-waist lifting harness, making transfers smoother for people with various physical disabilities. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/peterson.html
Katz, Ruth.  1998.  The Home and Community-Based Services Work Group, partners with state, consumers, and others to advance the PAS agenda.
This article discusses how the Administration (US Government) balances the goal of providing more flexibility and choice for people with disabilities with the need to ensure that the services are cost effective. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/ar4985.html
Taylor, Zara Buggs.  1998.  Honest portrayals of disabilities drive popular television show.
People with disabilities are often invisible in movies and television shows, however, Zara Buggs Taylor writes about one television show which is changing audience perceptions about people with disabilities. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/taylor.html
Nkeli, Jerry.  1998.  How to overcome double discrimination of disabled people in South Africa.
South African Human Rights Commissioner, Jerry Nkeli, outlines the country's history from the point of view of the Disability Rights Movement. Conference on Legislation for Human Rights Arranged by Handikappombudsmannen in cooperation with Independent Living Sverige, Stockholm, Sweden 24 August 1998. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/hr5.html
Baha’i International Community.  1998.  Human Rights and Disability. Statement to the fortieth session of the United Nations Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities Agenda item 7: human rights and disability. Geneva, Switzerland, August 1988.
Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs6/bic199808.html
Montero, Federico.  1998.  Human Rights and Organisations of Disabled Persons in Costa Rica.
Despite positive changes in Costa Rica's social policies, disabled people still are denied certain rights to participate in all aspects of society. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/stlm19980823e.html
Nkeli, Jerry.  1998.  Human Rights Commissioner reflects on achievements obtained by people with disabilities.
In South Africa we have disabled people in leadership-roles and have achieved a lot but we have many problems to face in the field of human rights such as issues dealing with racial intolerance and a diversity of various issues that deal with colonialism. Seminar on Human Rights for Persons with Disabilities from a North and South Perspective, Seminar on Human Rights for Persons with Disabilities from a North and South Perspective, Stockholm, Sweden 23 August, 1998. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/stlm19980823f.html
Majiet, Shanaaz.  1998.  Human Rights from Disabled Peoples' Perspective in Africa.
Shanaaz Majiet speaks on human rights and disability from the perspective of the African continent. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/stlm19980823d.html
Dr. Adolf Ratzka.  1998.  I kläm mellan laissez faire och den sociala ingenjörskonsten.
Skillnaderna mellan hemtjänst och personlig assistans - en diskussion med en granskning av de olika socialpolitiska instrument som finns på vårt område. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs5/i_klam.html (In Swedish.)
Heumann, Judith E.  1998.  The Implications of ADA for Disabled People.
There is a strong need for civil rights legislation in all countries. To those who continue studying whether or not there is a need for anti-discrimination legislation, it is time to stop studying and to start legislating! Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs1/hr4.html
Brown, Steven E.  1998.  In Freedom, Frank.
Dr. Steven E. Brown Co-Founder of the Institute on Disability Culture, in the United States, describes the life and work of Frank Moore, a Berkeley, California, USA performance artist with cerebral palsy. First published in Mainstream: Magazine of the Able-Disabled, June/July 1998. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown98b.html.
Wilner, MaryAnn, Wyatt Ann.  1998.  Independence Care System: Managed Care for People with Disabilities.
Målet för Independence Care System är att underlätta för folk med funktionsnedsättning att bo kvar i sina hem, eller åtminstone i en så fri miljö som möjligt, genom att integrera primära, akuta, hem- och samhällsbaserade vårdtjänster på ett utförligt och flexibelt sätt. Internet publication URL: www.independentliving.org/docs4/ar3982b.html (In Swedish.)

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